Which of the following factors does NOT influence cell adhesion?

The statement that color of the substrate does not influence cell adhesion is accurate because cell adhesion primarily relies on biochemical interactions rather than the visual characteristics of the material.

Cell adhesion is largely determined by factors such as surface chemistry, which encompasses the presence of adhesive proteins, charged groups, and chemical functional groups that interact with cell surface receptors. The surface topography and texture can also significantly impact how cells attach, spread, and interact with the substrate.

Cell shape is important as well, as it can affect the mechanotransduction pathways within the cells that influence adhesion dynamics. The way cells deform and spread on a surface can be directly related to the geometry and properties of the interface they are in contact with.

Temperature can also play a role in cell adhesion, as it influences cellular metabolism, the fluidity of cell membranes, and the kinetics of molecular interactions, ultimately impacting how well cells can adhere to surfaces.

In contrast, the color of the substrate does not inherently affect the biochemical or physical cues that facilitate or hinder cell adhesion; thus, it is not a factor in the adhesion process.