What will regulate the gradual transition from cartilage to tendon structure of annulus fibrosus?

The gradual transition from cartilage to tendon structure in the annulus fibrosus is primarily regulated by mechanical strain. The annulus fibrosus, which is the outer part of the intervertebral disc, experiences varying mechanical loads in response to movement and external forces. These mechanical strains stimulate cellular responses that influence the biochemical and structural properties of the annulus fibrosus.

Specifically, the mechanisms under mechanical strain can affect factors such as extracellular matrix production, cellular differentiation, and tissue remodeling. The cells within the annulus fibrosus, primarily chondrocytes and fibroblasts, will respond to different levels of mechanical stress by producing different types of extracellular matrix components that align with the functional needs of the tissue. For example, higher strains may promote a more fibrous and tendon-like structure, while lower strains may encourage the maintenance or production of cartilage-like properties.

In contrast, surface chemistry typically affects cell adhesion and signaling but does not directly govern the mechanical loading transitions that are crucial for structural changes in the annulus fibrosus. Plasma modification may enhance biocompatibility or alter surface characteristics but is not directly involved in the mechanical regulation of tissue structure. Revascularization, which involves the formation of new blood vessels, is more related to