What type of cells are primarily used in tendon tissue engineering?

In tendon tissue engineering, mesenchymal stem cells are particularly favored due to their unique characteristics and capabilities. These cells have the ability to differentiate into various cell types, including tendon cells, which makes them suitable for regenerating tendon tissue. They can contribute to the production of extracellular matrix components critical for the structural integrity and functionality of tendons. Furthermore, mesenchymal stem cells are capable of releasing growth factors and cytokines that enhance the healing process, promote tissue regeneration, and modulate the inflammatory response.

While tendon-derived fibroblasts play an important role in maintaining tendon structure and integrity, they are post-mitotic and limited in their ability to proliferate or differentiate. Undifferentiated fibroblasts, although they have potential for various applications, do not possess the same regenerative and differentiative advantages as mesenchymal stem cells. Dermal fibroblasts are more commonly associated with skin regeneration and do not exhibit the specialized properties required for tendon tissue regeneration. Therefore, the choice of mesenchymal stem cells is essential for effective tendon tissue engineering, offering superior potential for functional repair and regeneration.