What is the primary role of extracellular matrix (ECM) in tissue engineering?

The primary role of the extracellular matrix (ECM) in tissue engineering is to serve as a scaffold for cell attachment and growth. The ECM is a complex network of proteins and carbohydrates that provides structural and biochemical support to surrounding cells. In tissue engineering, scaffolds are crucial as they mimic the natural ECM, providing a suitable environment for cells to adhere, proliferate, and differentiate.

By facilitating cell attachment, the ECM allows cells to spread and communicate effectively, which is essential for tissue regeneration. The properties of the ECM, such as its composition and architecture, can influence cell behavior and tissue development. The correct design of scaffolds that replicate the ECM's natural characteristics is vital for successful tissue engineering applications. This capability of the ECM to support cell growth and tissue formation directly addresses the fundamental needs in repairing or regenerating tissues.