What is the primary function of glycosaminoglycans (GAGs) in tissue engineering?

Glycosaminoglycans (GAGs) play a crucial role in tissue engineering, particularly due to their ability to attract water and maintain tissue hydration. They are long, unbranched polysaccharides that are highly hydrophilic, which means they can draw in and hold onto water molecules. This property is vital for maintaining the turgor and viscoelastic properties of connective tissues. By retaining water, GAGs help create a hydrated extracellular matrix, which is essential for cell function and survival, as well as for the overall mechanical properties of the tissue.

In various tissue engineering applications, such as cartilage repair or skin regeneration, the hydration maintained by GAGs supports the necessary nutrient transport, waste elimination, and the diffusion of signaling molecules. This function also contributes to the resilience and flexibility of the tissue, making it essential for a functional engineered construct.

While other functions such as promoting cell differentiation, providing structural support, and enhancing cell signaling are also important aspects of tissue engineering, the unique ability of GAGs to attract water and maintain hydration is foundational for creating an appropriate environment for tissue development and functionality.