What factor is critical for chondrocyte survival and function in engineered cartilage?

In the context of engineered cartilage, chondrocyte survival and function are influenced by a variety of factors, all of which are essential for creating a suitable environment for these cells.

Low oxygen tension is important because chondrocytes naturally reside in a hypoxic environment within cartilage tissue. This low oxygen level allows for better maintenance of their phenotype and function, as high oxygen concentrations can lead to altered cellular activities that may be detrimental to cartilage health.

High nutrient availability supports chondrocyte metabolism and promotes the synthesis of extracellular matrix components, which are crucial for the structural integrity and functional properties of cartilage. Adequate nutrient supply ensures that chondrocytes can produce the necessary molecules such as glycosaminoglycans and collagen, which are vital for cartilage resilience and repair.

Mechanical loading plays a pivotal role in cartilage engineering because it mimics the natural stress and strain experienced by cartilage in the body. This mechanical stimulation encourages the cells to maintain their phenotype and supports the biosynthetic activity of chondrocytes. The application of mechanical forces also aids in nutrient diffusion within the engineered tissue, which is vital for cell survival and function.

All these factors—low oxygen tension, high nutrient availability, and mechanical loading—interconnect to provide an optimal