What characteristic distinguishes natural polymers from synthetic ones?

Natural polymers are distinctly characterized by their origin, as they are derived from living organisms. This category includes substances such as proteins, polysaccharides, and nucleic acids, which are naturally occurring materials crucial for biological functions. The molecular structures of natural polymers are often complex and designed through biological processes, which contribute to their unique properties, including biocompatibility and biodegradability.

Understanding the foundational difference in origin is important for applications in tissue engineering, where the biocompatibility and functionality of a material are critical for supporting cell growth and tissue formation. The natural origin of these polymers often aligns better with the biological environments in which they are utilized, making them suitable for various applications.

While synthetic polymers can indeed be engineered for specific properties and may often exhibit superior uniformity and purity, the defining characteristic of natural polymers remains their derivation from living systems.