Lower or impaired levels of nitric oxide (NO) contribute to a decrease in what process?

Lower or impaired levels of nitric oxide (NO) are particularly associated with a decrease in angiogenesis, which is the process of forming new blood vessels from pre-existing ones. Nitric oxide is a vital signaling molecule in the body that plays a crucial role in various physiological processes, notably vascular health. When NO levels are reduced, it adversely affects the ability of endothelial cells to proliferate and migrate, both of which are essential for angiogenesis.

During normal physiological conditions, NO promotes vasodilation, enhances blood flow, and facilitates the delivery of oxygen and nutrients to tissues, all of which are critical for the support of new blood vessel formation. Furthermore, NO stimulates the expression of key growth factors involved in this process. A deficiency in NO can lead to impaired angiogenesis, which is detrimental in various conditions, including wound healing and tissue regeneration.

While nitric oxide is also involved in bone remodeling, inflammatory responses, and smooth muscle relaxation, its most direct and critical role in promoting angiogenesis makes this the most relevant process impacted by lowered NO levels.