Integrin binding is dependent on which ion?

Integrin binding is primarily dependent on calcium ions (Ca²⁺). Integrins are a family of cell surface receptors that facilitate cell-extracellular matrix (ECM) adhesion, and their function is regulated by changes in the concentration of divalent cations, such as calcium.

Calcium plays a crucial role in stabilizing the structure of integrins, allowing them to adopt a conformation that is competent for binding to their specific ligands in the extracellular matrix. When calcium ions are present, they promote the clustering and activation of integrins, enhancing their ability to interact effectively with ECM components. This binding is vital for many cellular processes, including migration, proliferation, and survival.

Other ions, such as sodium, lithium, or beryllium, do not play a significant role in integrin functionality or binding. Sodium is generally more associated with membrane potential and transport processes, while lithium is often linked to neuromodulatory effects, and beryllium is not biologically relevant in this context. Therefore, calcium ions stand out as essential for integrin-mediated adhesion and signaling in tissue engineering and cellular interactions.