From which animal are bovine cells sourced?

Bovine cells are sourced specifically from cows, which is reflected in the naming convention; "bovine" refers to the biological classification of cattle in the family Bovidae. These cells are often used in various applications, including tissue engineering and regenerative medicine, due to their similarity to human cells and the relatively easier harvesting process. The other animals listed—humans, rats, and pigs—do not produce bovine cells, as they belong to different species entirely. This distinction is important in both research and practical applications where species-specific source materials are necessary.