Cells need what three types of cues to grow and form tissue?

Cells require structural, mechanical, and chemical cues to successfully grow and form tissue.

Structural cues refer to the physical architecture or framework that cells need to adhere to and organize themselves into functional units. This includes the extracellular matrix (ECM), which provides not only a supportive scaffold but also plays a vital role in guiding cell behavior and connectivity.

Mechanical cues involve the physical forces exerted on cells, such as tension, compression, and shear stress. These forces can impact cellular signaling pathways and affect how cells interpret their environment, influencing processes such as proliferation, differentiation, and migration.

Chemical cues consist of various signaling molecules, including growth factors, hormones, and nutrients, which cells utilize to communicate with each other and respond to their environment. These signals can direct cell fate decisions, such as whether to grow, differentiate, or undergo apoptosis.

The other options include cues that are not typically associated with the essential requirements for tissue growth and cell behavior. For example, sound and light are not fundamental signals in the context of cellular growth and tissue formation, particularly when compared to the established importance of structural, mechanical, and chemical signals in tissue engineering.